Suchergebnisse

The Legal Status and Perspectives of Ethnic Minorities in European States explores the new definition of the nation-state in the context of an internally conflicted European society through a concept of ethnic law as the right of ethnic minorities, creating their legal and ethnic identity.

Dyskryminacja w dostępie do pracy ze względu na wiek – osoba starsza w pracy. Dyskryminacja ze względu na wiek określana jest angielskim terminem ageizm. Pojęciem tym określa się zespół zjawisk związanych ze stereotypizacją i dyskryminacją osób ze względu na osiągnięty przez nich wiek. Ageizm oznacza zestaw przekonań, uprzedzeń i stereotypów mających swe podstawy w biologicznym zróżnicowaniu ludzi, które dotyczą kompetencji i potrzeb osób w zależności od ich wieku. Ageizm przejawia się szczególnie w obszarze prawa pracy jako: dyskryminacja ze względu na wiek w procesie rekrutacji, dyskryminacja w dostępie do szkoleń w zatrudnieniu, zwalnianie z pracy po osiągnięciu wieku emerytalnego, zachęcanie do dyskryminacji w miejscu pracy, molestowanie osób starszych w miejscu pracy, okres ochronny na rynku pracy jako bariera przed zatrudnianiem. Ageizm jest zatem zjawiskiem społecznym zdefiniowanym prawnie i uznanym na gruncie prawnym za zdarzenie podległe negatywnej ocenie. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą analizy zjawiska dyskryminacji w dostępie do pracy ze względu na wiek.

Why does the state have power in the area of education over parents' wishes? The first reason has already been explained above: these are financial and economic aspects. The second reason is of historical nature. The state has controlled education in general historically. When in the 19th century the idea of public schools was created, the state sponsored such schools. Private schools were in a good condition, since they had their own sponsors or proceeds from pupils' tuitions. When they lost their self-sustainability, they had to request the state for some support. And, as mentioned above, the state had its interest in controlling the educational system, because it wanted to influence the upbringing process of its citizens and create an ideology, which would help to achieve the government's goal.

Human dignity is one of the most fundamental ideas in the entire international human rights system. As from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in 1948, the concept of the human dignity become used as a tool to protect the basic needs of humans. The other formal instruments of international human rights also make reference to dignity. Whereas international law widely accepted the inherence of dignity, controversies still arise around the source of the dignity. Polish lawmakers, on the other hand, have no doubt about the fact the concept of dignity comes from natural law. Poland, in her Constitution, refers to the teaching of John Paul II about the source, value and meaning of human dignity. There is no doubt that concept of human dignity, even when it is controversial, is the most widely accepted by all religions and political society in the world. ; Human dignity is one of the most fundamental ideas in the entire international human rights system. As from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in 1948, the concept of the human dignity become used as a tool to protect the basic needs of humans. The other formal instruments of international human rights also make reference to dignity. Whereas international law widely accepted the inherence of dignity, controversies still arise around the source of the dignity. Polish lawmakers, on the other hand, have no doubt about the fact the concept of dignity comes from natural law. Poland, in her Constitution, refers to the teaching of John Paul II about the source, value and meaning of human dignity. There is no doubt that concept of human dignity, even when it is controversial, is the most widely accepted by all religions and political society in the world.

"The native people of North America are often perceived through the story of the brave colonists fighting with the belligerent and barbaric Indians. All of us like to watch movies about the Wild West, some people dream of visiting Tombstone, but few people are really concerned about who the Indians really were, or whether they had a social or political structure. In fact most of the Indian tribes at the beginning of the Encounter era shifted from egalitarian societies of mobile, hunter-gatherer people to hierarchical sedentary or semi-sedentary chiefdoms. Some tribes developed complex social systems based on a corporation of several tribes or groups. The best example is the League of Five Nations. This religious and political organization of five Iroquois-speaking tribes organized itself as a semi-state organization. Today's American legal doctrine assumes that the Founding Fathers of the United States of America took the structure of the League as a foundation for the American state regime."(.)